Species code:	ECOLI
Taxonomy:	Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacteriales; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia (TaxID: 83333) [NEWT/ NCBI]
Description:	Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative straight rod, which either uses peritrichous flagella for mobility or is nonmotile. It is a facultatively anaerobic chemoorganotroph capable of both respiratory and fermentative metabolism. E.coli serves a useful function in the body by suppressing the growth of harmful bacterial species and by synthesising appreciable amounts of vitamins. It is an important component of the biosphere. It colonizes the lower gut of animals and survives when released to the natural environment, allowing widespread dissemination to new hosts. Pathogenic E.coli strains are responsible for infection of the enteric, urinary, pulmonary and nervous systems. As of 2006, highly accurate sequences are available for K-12 / MG1655 and K-12 / W3110, strains that have been separate since the mid 1950s. Sequencing of PCR products indicates that there are only eight true insertion/deletion or base differences between the two strains, in addition to 13 sites where differences are due to insertion sequences, defective prophages and two sites due to the W3110 inversion between the ribosomal RNA genes rrnD and rrnE.
Properties:	Presence of flagella: Yes Interaction: Animal commensal in Mammalia Number of membranes: 2 Number of inteins:0
Statistics:	Number of ECOLI entries in the UniProt Knowledgebase: 4337 (4337 in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot + 0 in UniProtKB/TrEMBL)

Genome structure	• Chromosome EMBL accession number U00096 (circular; 4,639,675 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews). • Plasmid F EMBL accession number AP001918 (circular; 99,159 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
References	[1] MEDLINE=97426617; PubMed=9278503; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Blattner F.R., Plunkett G. III, Bloch C.A., Perna N.T., Burland V., Riley M., Collado-Vides J., Glasner J.D., Rode C.K., Mayhew G.F., Gregor J., Davis N.W., Kirkpatrick H.A., Goeden M.A., Rose D.J., Mau B., Shao Y. ; "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12."; Science 277:1453-1474(1997). [2] Shimizu H., Saitoh Y., Suda Y., Uehara K., Sampei G., Mizobuchi K. ; "Complete nucleotide sequence of the F plasmid: its implications for organization and diversification of plasmid genomes."; Submitted (APR-2000) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
Web links	Official genome site(s): http://www.genome.wisc.edu/ http://ecoli.aist-nara.ac.jp/ Other web sites: CBS: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/GenomeAtlas/show-genus.php?kingdom=Bacteria&GLgenus=Escherichia&GLspecies=coli&GLsupStrain=K-12&GLsubStrain=W3110 Colibri: http://genolist.pasteur.fr/Colibri/ E.coli Index: http://ecoli.bham.ac.uk/ ECCE: http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/ehrmann/head.html ECDC: http://www.uni-giessen.de/~gx1052/ECDC/ EchoBASE: http://www.biolws1.york.ac.uk/echobase/ EcoCyc: http://ecocyc.org/ EcoGene: http://bmb.med.miami.edu/EcoGene/EcoWeb/ Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=16351 GenProtEC: http://genprotec.mbl.edu/ GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_K12_W3110 Karyn's Genomes: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria/Escherichia_coli.html Micado: http://locus.jouy.inra.fr/cgi-bin/genmic/madbase/progs/madbase.operl PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p16351_Esc_coli TIGR CMR: http://cmr.tigr.org/tigr-scripts/CMR/GenomePage.cgi?database=ntec01 EBI Proteome Analysis page UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot document Karyn's Genomes

Genome structure	Chromosome EMBL accession number AP009048 (circular; 4,646,332 bp) (download entry) (download Genome Reviews).
References	[1] PubMed=16738553; [ NCBI , EBI , Israel , Japan ] Hayashi K., Morooka N., Yamamoto Y., Fujita K., Isono K., Choi S., Ohtsubo E., Baba T., Wanner B.L., Mori H., Horiuchi T. ; "Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 and W3110."; Mol. Syst. Biol. 2:E1-E5(2006).
Web links	Official genome site(s): http://ecoli.naist.jp/GB6/search.jsp Other web sites: CBS: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/GenomeAtlas/show-genus.php?kingdom=Bacteria&GLgenus=Escherichia&GLspecies=coli&GLsupStrain=K-12&GLsubStrain=W3110 Colibri: http://genolist.pasteur.fr/Colibri/ E.coli Index: http://ecoli.bham.ac.uk/ ECCE: http://www.cf.ac.uk/biosi/staff/ehrmann/head.html ECDC: http://www.uni-giessen.de/~gx1052/ECDC/ EchoBASE: http://www.biolws1.york.ac.uk/echobase/ EcoCyc: http://ecocyc.org/ EcoGene: http://bmb.med.miami.edu/EcoGene/EcoWeb/ Entrez Genome Project: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=genomeprj&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Overview&list_uids=16351 GenProtEC: http://genprotec.mbl.edu/ GIB (DDBJ): http://gib.genes.nig.ac.jp/single/index.php?spid=Ecol_K12_W3110 Karyn's Genomes: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/genomes/bacteria/Escherichia_coli.html Micado: http://locus.jouy.inra.fr/cgi-bin/genmic/madbase/progs/madbase.operl PEDANT: http://pedant.gsf.de:3345/pedant3htmlview/pedant3view?Method=start_method&Db=p3_p16351_Esc_coli TIGR CMR: http://cmr.tigr.org/tigr-scripts/CMR/GenomePage.cgi?database=ntec01 EBI Proteome Analysis page Karyn's Genomes

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